Krakatau volcano, The Strongest Volcanic
Eruption in 1883
Krakatau eruption on 26-27 August 1883 became one of the
volcanic eruption of the deadliest in history. It is estimated that as many as
36,000 people were killed in an eruption that lasted 4 times from 5:30 until
10:02. The sound of the explosion could be heard even Australia and Mauritius
region. The eruption of Krakatau is by far the strongest voice recorded
throughout history, along with the eruption of Tambora in 1815, also in
Indonesia.
Mount Krakatau located
in the Sunda Strait, the strait which lies between the islands of Java and
Sumatra. The volcanic activity occurred due to the subduction of the
Indo-Australian tectonic plate as it moves north towards the Asian mainland.
These eruptions have Volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 6, or the equivalent
of 200 megatons of TNT. In other words, the eruption of Krakatoa cause an
explosion 13,000 times as powerful as a nuclear explosion that destroyed
Hiroshima in Japan in World War II
On May 1883, the captain of Elizabeth, warships from Germany,
reported an ash cloud over Krakatau. This ship has estimated there are clouds
at a height of 9.6 km. About two months before the eruption, commercial ship
and boat tours around the region often reported lightning, roar and a cloud
incandescent. People living around the island also celebrate the festival
celebrating the natural fireworks lit up the night sky. Unfortunately the
festival ended tragically on August 27 1883.
On 26 August 1883 during the day, at around 12:53 local time,
the initial eruption of the Krakatau volcano raises clouds of gas and debris
along the 24 kilometers to the area Perboewatan. The researchers think that the
debris from the eruption would allow the emergence of the pressure in the magma
chamber. On the morning of 27 August, four all-powerful eruption occurred and
drown Perboewatan and Danan be located below sea level.
The initial eruption solve the magma chamber and make the sea
water in contact with hot lava. As a result, there was what is known as
phreatomagmatic events. Boil water quickly, creating a stream that carries
superheated pyroclastic flows along the 40 km at speeds exceeding 100 km / h.
Tephra and hot volcanic gases caused many casualties in the
region of West Java and Sumatra. However, most of the casualties caused by the
eruption of Krakatau tsunami with a height of over 60 meters. The tsunami soak
the nearest whole island of Krakatau. Residents of coastal areas in Java and
Sumatra fled to higher ground.
Steamers Berouw in Sumatra thrown over 1.5 km inland and cause
early 28 aboard were killed. Other ships, Loudon, was anchored nearby. The
ship's captain called Lindemann successfully reversed course to face the wave
and the ship to survive in the crest of a wave. When the tsunami wave stopped,
the beginning and the passengers see no more left of the pretty town that lies
anchored in their place.
After the eruption occurs, sunlight does not penetrate the
surface of the land around the volcano Krakatau for 3 days. Air pressure gauge
noted that the shock wave in the atmosphere surrounding the planet at least
seven times. For 13 days, a layer of sulfur dioxide and other gases create
unobstructed sunlight to enter the earth. This atmospheric effects create
spectacular effects as the sun set across Europe and the United States. On the
average, global temperatures to 1.2 degrees cooler over the next 5 years.
The pressure resulting from the fourth and fifth eruption of
Krakatau spread with a speed of 1,086 km / h. The eruption was so strong and
make ruptured eardrum sailors around the Sunda Strait. These pressures spread
throughout the world and recorded on the all pressure gauges that exist, and
continue until 5 days after the explosion. Results recorded gauges indicate
that the shock waves from the last eruption reverberated around the world up to
7 times. Clumps of ash blanketed the region with an altitude of about 80 km.
The eruption ended quickly after the fifth time. On the morning
on 28 August, the activity of Krakatau pause. Furthermore, a small explosion
took place, which mostly emit mud, until October 1883.
Life Without Sun
Although regarded as
one of the most devastating volcanic eruption in modern times, is not the
biggest eruption of Krakatau in Indonesia's history. The largest volcanic
eruption occurred when Mount Tambora erupted on April 10, 1815. Tambora be the
only one volcanic eruption in modern history that reaches VEI on a scale of 7.
Tambora eruption also
makes a variety of other, even to reach the United States, experienced a year
without a summer in 1816. Failed harvests hit the entire world. However, these
events would lead to an unexpected finding that bike. Bicycle is a replacement
for the horse because it was considered too expensive to feed.
Not only shut down the
entry of sunlight, eruption of Krakatau cause tragic events for the people
living in Lampung province at that time. On August 27, 1883, during the day, it
was raining hot clouds around Katibung, Lampung province. About 1,000 were
killed and the site of the biggest victims in addition to the Krakatau itself.
Birth of Anak Krakatau
Since the eruption in
1883, Mount Krakatau barely longer experience volcanic activity. Until in 1927
some fishermen were shocked by the pool steam and debris were thrown from the
caldera that has collapsed. Krakatau re awake awake after more than 40 years of
calm.
In a few weeks, the
periphery of the top of the mountain began to crawl reaching levels above sea
level. In just a few years, these peaks grow into a small island called Anak
Krakatau. Anak Krakatau eruption has continued to pose a minor periodically.
Emerging krakatau
child's interest volcanology experts to undertake a study since 1960. In
addition, the researchers also study the biological life and the populations
present in the ecosystem of the child of Krakatoa. After experiencing the
eruption, the population being rendered sterile and did not look at all
macroscopic life which takes place in the region. However, the island of Krakatoa
child is still active with the growth rate reaches a height of 13 cm per week.
Source : http://www.bglconline.com/2014/08/gunung-krakatau-letusan-1883/
